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Calcofluor-Schleifmethode

English translation: Calcofluor staining of sanded(-down) grains

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
German term or phrase:Calcofluor-Schleifmethode
English translation:Calcofluor staining of sanded(-down) grains
Entered by: Edith Kelly

12:00 Jul 14, 2023
German to English translations [PRO]
Science - Food & Drink / malt
German term or phrase: Calcofluor-Schleifmethode
From a table entitled: Fig. 2 Overview of methods for describing malt characteristics

hidden sprouting / extract / moisture / processability index / friabilimeter / hl weight / viscosity / extract difference / calcofluor ???

Thanks for your help.
Edith Kelly
Switzerland
Local time: 16:27
Calcofluor staining of sanded(-down) grains
Explanation:
Not my field, but whoever wrote this has done what I believe many Germans would do given the circumstances: use a compound noun to save space. “Calcofluor-Schleifmethode” seems to be short for “Methode zur Calcofluor-Färbung nach Herunterschleifen des Ausgangsmaterials.”

Earlier in the text that Justin provided, it says:
“Zur Beurteilung des Zellwandabbaus im Gerstenmalz sind weniger die Globalmethoden wie…als aussagefähig erkannt worden als vielmehr die spezifischen Untersuchungen des Zellwandabbaus mithilfe der Calcofluor-Methode.”
https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/352734036X_c01...

The paragraph he quoted:
“…der die mehligen, halb- und ganzglasigen Körner erfasst, durch Färben des längs geteilten Korns (z. B. mittels Schleifen) mit Calcofluor oder Methylenblau, wodurch Auflösung und Homogenität derselben dargestellt werden.”

Obviously, “z.B.” means that “Schleifen” is just one way to do this. And, indeed, if you go looking for more sources describing the process, you’ll find:
“The major experimental techniques used have been light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 'sanded-block' staining methods in which either Calcofluor is used to locate ungraded cell walls, or dye penetration is used to locate modified regions.”

The authors then go on to explain:
“Sanded blocks. Two groups of 100 grains were from each micromalted sample. They were attached to plywood blocks with epoxide glue (Araldite Rapid) and were ground on belt sanding machine to expose the starchy endosperms at prechosen depth. After smoothing with fine sandpaper they were stained first with Calcofluor White M2R...and Fast Green FCF...and were photographed under ultraviolet light.”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2050-0416....

Similarly:
“According to the literature the most commonly used method to determine the homogeneity of malt relies on an examination of the non-friable fraction…A sample of malt is ground in a friabilimeter and the friability determined in the usual way…

“Another popular method of examining homogeneity is the use of dye staining of sectioned grains. Two dyes have been used methylene blue…and Calcofluor...The former relies on a non-specific penetration of modified endosperm by the blue dye. Grains are embedded into a resin matrix and are sectioned by sanding. They are then stained and dried and sanded once again…The Calcofluor method uses a similar procedure but, because the dye is specific for cell wall material, a second sanding is not required.”
https://projectblue.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Rese...

In other words, it seems as if “grinding” isn't inherently wrong. However, (a) sanding is more frequently used (I guess for the reason you pointed out in the d-box) and (b) I wouldn’t translate this literally because of how the author refers to the process—which kind of works in German (grammatically speaking, there’s no other way you can incorporate “-Schleif-” into the chosen compound) but I think looks a bit odd in English (as if Calcofluor were the name of the sanding method described or the only staining method used after sanding).

Even in German, I think you’d be more likely to see something like the following:
“Beispiel: Modifikation und Homogenität nach Carlsberg Calcofluor-Färbung”

Further:
“Malzkörner abgeschliffen vor der Calcofluorfärbung”
http://www.bmt-weigt.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/181214-Mä...

This is a PowerPoint slide, so space is of the essence too, but the steps taken are separated into their logical categories, as they do here in English:

“The assessment of modification using sanding and staining with Calcofluor, which is recommended by EBC…”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2050-0416....

Or:
“One of the ways of doing this is to sand 100 kernels that have been embedded in plastic, taking them down to about half their width and fully exposing the starchy endosperm. The plates are then flooded with Calcofluor…”
In: “Essays in Brewing Science,” by Michael J. Lewis and Charles W. Bamforth, published in 2006.

Also, the term “sanded” dates at least as far back as the 1970s:
“A third satisfactory, but more complex, technique is to stain the surfaces of cut or sanded seeds with Calcofluor White M2R New, then to counterstain with Fast Green FCF...”
In: “Brewing Science,” Vol. 3 (p. 465), edited by James Richard Allan Pollock, published in 1979.

I’m sure you can come up with something more succinct. But personally, I’d rip apart the compound (and definitely no hyphen!).
Selected response from:

Björn Vrooman
Local time: 16:27
Grading comment
thanks
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +2Calcofluor-grinding method
Justin Verceles
3Calcofluor staining of sanded(-down) grains
Björn Vrooman


Discussion entries: 13





  

Answers


1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +2
Calcofluor-grinding method


Explanation:
From a book on brewing (https://www.google.com/books/edition/Abriss_der_Bierbrauerei...

"Der „Auflösungsgrad“ des Malzes wird durch folgende Methoden bestimmt . . . durch Färben des längs geteilten Korns (z. B. mittels Schleifen) mit Calcofluor oder Methylenblau, wodurch Auflösung und Homogenität derselben dargestellt werden."

Which describes a method of determining the homogeneity and "Auflösungsgrad"—degree of dissolution?—of a sample of malt by staining with Calcofluor a grain split lengthwise by grinding. This paper (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2050-0416.... also mentions something similar in the abstract, albeit without explicit mention of grinding:

"Staining half corns with Calcofluor gives similar scores for homogeneity but with poorer reproducibility and the technique is much slower."

I assume "Calcofluor-Schleifmethode" in your source text is referring to the same method, but regardless it's a method involving Calcofluor and grinding, ergo "Calcofluor-grinding method."

Justin Verceles
United States
Local time: 10:27
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Sam Habach
12 mins
agree  philgoddard: Or abrasion, or sanding, as suggested in the discussion box.
4 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

2 days 3 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
Calcofluor staining of sanded(-down) grains


Explanation:
Not my field, but whoever wrote this has done what I believe many Germans would do given the circumstances: use a compound noun to save space. “Calcofluor-Schleifmethode” seems to be short for “Methode zur Calcofluor-Färbung nach Herunterschleifen des Ausgangsmaterials.”

Earlier in the text that Justin provided, it says:
“Zur Beurteilung des Zellwandabbaus im Gerstenmalz sind weniger die Globalmethoden wie…als aussagefähig erkannt worden als vielmehr die spezifischen Untersuchungen des Zellwandabbaus mithilfe der Calcofluor-Methode.”
https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/352734036X_c01...

The paragraph he quoted:
“…der die mehligen, halb- und ganzglasigen Körner erfasst, durch Färben des längs geteilten Korns (z. B. mittels Schleifen) mit Calcofluor oder Methylenblau, wodurch Auflösung und Homogenität derselben dargestellt werden.”

Obviously, “z.B.” means that “Schleifen” is just one way to do this. And, indeed, if you go looking for more sources describing the process, you’ll find:
“The major experimental techniques used have been light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 'sanded-block' staining methods in which either Calcofluor is used to locate ungraded cell walls, or dye penetration is used to locate modified regions.”

The authors then go on to explain:
“Sanded blocks. Two groups of 100 grains were from each micromalted sample. They were attached to plywood blocks with epoxide glue (Araldite Rapid) and were ground on belt sanding machine to expose the starchy endosperms at prechosen depth. After smoothing with fine sandpaper they were stained first with Calcofluor White M2R...and Fast Green FCF...and were photographed under ultraviolet light.”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2050-0416....

Similarly:
“According to the literature the most commonly used method to determine the homogeneity of malt relies on an examination of the non-friable fraction…A sample of malt is ground in a friabilimeter and the friability determined in the usual way…

“Another popular method of examining homogeneity is the use of dye staining of sectioned grains. Two dyes have been used methylene blue…and Calcofluor...The former relies on a non-specific penetration of modified endosperm by the blue dye. Grains are embedded into a resin matrix and are sectioned by sanding. They are then stained and dried and sanded once again…The Calcofluor method uses a similar procedure but, because the dye is specific for cell wall material, a second sanding is not required.”
https://projectblue.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Rese...

In other words, it seems as if “grinding” isn't inherently wrong. However, (a) sanding is more frequently used (I guess for the reason you pointed out in the d-box) and (b) I wouldn’t translate this literally because of how the author refers to the process—which kind of works in German (grammatically speaking, there’s no other way you can incorporate “-Schleif-” into the chosen compound) but I think looks a bit odd in English (as if Calcofluor were the name of the sanding method described or the only staining method used after sanding).

Even in German, I think you’d be more likely to see something like the following:
“Beispiel: Modifikation und Homogenität nach Carlsberg Calcofluor-Färbung”

Further:
“Malzkörner abgeschliffen vor der Calcofluorfärbung”
http://www.bmt-weigt.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/181214-Mä...

This is a PowerPoint slide, so space is of the essence too, but the steps taken are separated into their logical categories, as they do here in English:

“The assessment of modification using sanding and staining with Calcofluor, which is recommended by EBC…”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2050-0416....

Or:
“One of the ways of doing this is to sand 100 kernels that have been embedded in plastic, taking them down to about half their width and fully exposing the starchy endosperm. The plates are then flooded with Calcofluor…”
In: “Essays in Brewing Science,” by Michael J. Lewis and Charles W. Bamforth, published in 2006.

Also, the term “sanded” dates at least as far back as the 1970s:
“A third satisfactory, but more complex, technique is to stain the surfaces of cut or sanded seeds with Calcofluor White M2R New, then to counterstain with Fast Green FCF...”
In: “Brewing Science,” Vol. 3 (p. 465), edited by James Richard Allan Pollock, published in 1979.

I’m sure you can come up with something more succinct. But personally, I’d rip apart the compound (and definitely no hyphen!).

Björn Vrooman
Local time: 16:27
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in GermanGerman
PRO pts in category: 8
Grading comment
thanks
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