Des DOM-TOM aux DOM-COM
La notion de "DOM-TOM", bien que couramment employée, n'a plus cours depuis la révision constitutionnelle de 2003. Il existe toujours quatre départements d'outre-mer. En revanche, la notion de territoire d'outre-mer a disparu pour être remplacée par celle de collectivité d'outre-mer.

http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2007/07/02/des-dom-tom...

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Note added at 1 hr (2017-04-22 06:43:20 GMT)
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Some, however remain attached to France. Les DOM-COM (formerly known as les DOM-TOM) stand for “Departements D’Outre-Mer” and “Collectivités D’Outre-Mer” In other words, Over-Seas Departments and Collectivities.
https://french1412.wordpress.com/2010/04/29/les-domcom/

https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1353


Définition

Les collectivités territoriales sont des structures administratives françaises, distinctes de l'administration de l'État, qui doivent prendre en charge les intérêts de la population d'un territoire précis.
Sont définies comme collectivités territoriales :
- les communes ;
- les départements auxquels s'ajoutent les cinq départements d'outre-mer (Dom);
- les régions auxquelles s'ajoutent également cinq régions d'outre-mer ;
- les collectivités à statut particulier ;
- les collectivités d'outre-mer (Com).

La Nouvelle-Calédonie (archipel d'Océanie situé en Mélanésie) est une collectivité dite sui generis (« de son propre genre »), à savoir une collectivité territoriale de la République française et non pas une collectivité d'outre-mer (Com).
Remarque

L'expression collectivité locale désigne dans le langage courant ce que la Constitution nomme « collectivité territoriale ». En effet, jusqu'à la révision constitutionnelle du 28 mars 2003, les deux termes apparaissaient dans la Constitution : collectivité locale à l'article 34 et collectivité territoriale au titre XII. Mais depuis seule cette dernière expression figure dans la Constitution. Les collectivités sont donc désormais des « collectivités territoriales », l'expression « collectivité locale », n'étant plus juridiquement fondée.


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Note added at 2 hrs (2017-04-22 08:01:21 GMT)
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Use of the term "collectivity" in English when describing the DOM-COM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_collectivity

The French overseas collectivities (French: collectivité d'outre-mer or COM), like the French regions, are first-order administrative divisions of France. The COMs include some former French overseas territories and other French overseas entities with a particular status, all of which became COMs by constitutional reform on 28 March 2003. The COMs should not be confused with the overseas regions and overseas departments, which have no particular status. As integral parts of France, overseas collectivities are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council. Only one COM, Saint Martin, is part of the European Union and can vote to elect members of the European Parliament (MEP). The Pacific COMs use the CFP franc, a currency pegged to the euro, whereas the Atlantic COMs use the euro directly. As of 31 March 2011, there were five COMs:
French Polynesia became a COM in 2003. Its statutory law of 27 February 2004 gives it the designation of overseas country inside the Republic (French: pays d'outre-mer au sein de la République, or POM), but without legal modification of its status. French Polynesia has a great degree of autonomy, two symbolic manifestations of which are the title of the President of French Polynesia (Le président de la Polynésie française) and its additional designation as a pays d'outre-mer. Legislature: Assembly of French Polynesia since 2004.
Saint Barthélemy, an island in the Lesser Antilles. St. Barthelemy was separated from the overseas department of Guadeloupe in 2007. It has a territorial council and executive council, and with separation ceased to be part of the European Union.
Saint Martin, the northern part of the island of Saint Martin in the Lesser Antilles. St. Martin was separated from the overseas department of Guadeloupe in 2007. It has a territorial council and executive council, and with separation remained a part of the European Union.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It has a territorial council. It is the last remaining part of New France not ceded by France.
Wallis and Futuna, three small islands in the Pacific Ocean. Has a high administrator and territorial assembly.

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Note added at 2 hrs (2017-04-22 08:06:45 GMT)
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Comment :
In spite of some official sources having an English version where "community" is usesd for COM, do bear in mind that "collectivité" is the term being conveyed. "Community" is used (misused) even officially, as it is a convenient fit. However, it is insufficient to render what is meant by "collectivité" in all its adminsitrative glory!



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Note added at 9 hrs (2017-04-22 14:35:57 GMT)
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A shared, dare I say collective, or common, note here to comment on the use of "commonwealth/Commonwealth". I've used Wikipedia with all the usual caveats, but just for sake of speed here. I do not consider "commonwealth" to be an appropriate term for the French term "collectivité" of "DOM-COM"; here's why.

Britain and the US use the term, and each already has a slightly different meaning. For the US, the term "commonwealth" confers no special political status or legal relationship upon the states concerned, for example. With reference to US insular areas, the political/legal situation is as with the four states. Additionally, insular areas under US sovereignty will self-govern and have their own constitution.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_are...
As for the British Commonwealth (Commonwealth of Nations), there is a different idea again. It is an intergovernmental organisation, with no legal obligation to one another, but are shared values (e.g. the rule of law), set out in the terms of a charter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations

The notion of what meant by "commonwealth" in reference to the US (States, insular areas) and to Britain is not identical. Different histories, different politics, different administrations. In my opinion, it is inappropriate to use the term for France.

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Note added at 9 hrs (2017-04-22 14:49:57 GMT)
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Just for fun, I Googled "commonwealth+*.fr":
Commonwealth — Wikipédia
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth
Le Commonwealth ou Commonwealth of Nations (littéralement, la « Communauté des Nations .... Ensuite, la création du Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation (CFTC) qui permet une coopération technique pour les pays membres.
Chef du Commonwealth‎: ‎Élisabeth II Ancien nom‎: ‎Commonwealth britannique
Membres‎: ‎52 États Siège‎: ‎Marlborough House‎, ‎Londres, Royaum...
Royaume du Commonwealth — Wikipédia
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_du_Commonwealth
Les royaumes du Commonwealth (anglais : Commonwealth realms) sont les ...
Liste des États membres du Commonwealth — Wikipédia
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_États_membres_du_Com...
Le Commonwealth est une association volontaire de 52 États souverains. Parmi les États membres : 16 sont des monarchies avec ... Liste des États membres du ..

The term stays as is.

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Note added at 9 hrs (2017-04-22 14:51:08 GMT)
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Literally, "richesse commune".