içinde ATP bulunmayan, ATP içermeyen/ihtiva etmeyen

What is ATP and how do we measure it?
ATP is the basic energy currency molecule of all types of living organisms and as
such, is present in all microorganisms, plant and animal cells. The technique of
using the enzyme and substrate of the firefly (luciferase and luciferin) to detect
and measure this key metabolite by measuring the light output was first described
in 1947. Since then the detailed mechanisms have been comprehensively
investigated and many diverse applications described. The assay can be set up to
give a linear relationship between the light output and the ATP concentration. The
result is obtained within seconds. Measurement is in a sensitive luminometer with
results usually expressed as Relative Light Units (RLU).
In early work, the reagents used required the use of fairly complex instruments
where reagents were added via injection systems, as the light signal decayed too
rapidly to allow the use of simple formats of testing. Even when this was resolved
by optimising the formulation, some of the chemical treatments to extract ATP
from intact cells involved boiling solvents or strong acids which would cause the
signal to decay rapidly and were not very user friendly.
The use of detergents or cationic agents as extractants, more user friendly but
still with the problem of causing the signal to decay, required some further
development in neutralising after extraction or protecting the enzyme from the
extractant.
During the last few years, therefore, the reagent chemistry and the
instrumentation have been developed to the point that simple to use and portable
tests are now possible.



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Note added at 1 gün3 saat (2007-10-07 11:14:27 GMT)
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