أنجليزي إلى عربي العلوم الاجتماعية الإدارة Types of Organizations

The nineteenth-century factory system was characterized by ad hoc organization, decentralized management, informal relations between employers and employees, and casually defined jobs and job assignments.

Gale Dictionary Of American History

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Ad hoc organizations, to include committees and private non-profit organizations, are used when an objective needs consideration and no standing organization or committee within said organization can absorb that issue into its scope. Usually these committees are used on a temporary basis, such as temporary oversight of an issue, or review of the standing rules or the constitution of that organization.

An ad hoc organization may have, in some cases, a long-term or indefinite duration of existence. In these cases, an initial workgroup or forum may give place to a more permanent form of organization. An exaggerated typical example is the OSCE.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc#Ad_hoc_committee.2C_comm...