相对于问卷抽查 sample questionnaire

（一）普查（Census）
普查係指一國在特定時間內，對某一事象所要調查群體內每一個分子逐一加以查記，藉以觀察全部群體事實之真象，供為釐訂政策與施政之依據。

（二）抽樣調查 (Sampling)
由於普查成本浩大，因此諸多經濟與社會問題，係以抽樣調查方式蒐集所需資訊，亦即以科學上之機率方法抽取部分觀測單位（樣本），再利用統計學之推論技術，對整體事物或現象做推估，使在可以接受之誤差範圍內，迅速獲得目標資訊。

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In survey methodology, there are two terms that should be differentiated:

Population: The population is the entire group of individuals that we want information about.

Sample: The sample is the part of the population that we actually examine in order to gather information.

Therefore, for a census, information of the ENTIRE population must be collected. A census is usually time-consuming and costy and is generally administered by the government for policy design and implementation.

I don't know how precisely this sentence "問卷調查採取普查的方式進行。" was written. There is the possibility that the author only meant "survey" or "questionnaire" when he/she wrote 普查. Some people use such survey methodology terms in a very loose manner.



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Note added at 1 hr (2009-06-27 12:43:26 GMT)
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Should be:

I don't know how precisely the author used 普查 when he/she wrote "問卷調查採取普查的方式進行。" . There is the possibility that the author only meant "survey" or "questionnaire" when he/she wrote 普查. Some people use such survey methodology terms in a very loose manner

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Note added at 3 hrs (2009-06-27 14:33:45 GMT)
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<<<本篇論文研究調查的對象是台灣某一個很小的縣裡所有的國中小學教師，所以算是小族群。>>>

I don't know the purpose of this study. I suspect that the investigator of this study wanted to collect data from 台灣某一個很小的縣裡所有的國中小學教師 (as a sample) and then used such sample data to make some inferences on the junior high and elementary school teachers in Taiwan. In other words, the investigator intended to generalize the research findings obtained from such a small sample to the whole population (that is, ALL the junior high and elementary school teachers in Taiwan).

If this is what the investigator intended to achieve, then 台灣某一個很小的縣裡所有的國中小學教師 should be considered a sample and the method used should be "sampling" (although sampling may be further classified into several subtypes.)

If the purpose of this study is to collect data from 台灣某一個很小的縣裡所有的國中小學教師 ONLY and the investigator did not intend to make generalizations from such findings, then 台灣某一個很小的縣裡所有的國中小學教師 may be considered a population and the method used is "census".



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Note added at 5 hrs (2009-06-27 16:10:18 GMT)
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「實際實施問卷調查的過程中，包括調查的目標族群、決定採取普查(小族群)或取樣(族群很大或散佈區域很廣)的方式」is definitely NOT the definition of "census" and "sampling" commonly used in social sciences.

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Note added at 16 hrs (2009-06-28 03:35:32 GMT)
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I did not say it is ok to use the term "census" for your question. When I first saw your question, I felt your question a little bit weird. In most ENGLISH research reports, the term "census" is seldom used, unless for large population census conducted by the government.

As I previously said, some people use such terms in a very loose and not too accurate manner. If you really want to use "census" for your translation, don't use "census" together with the term "survey".

In modern research methodology, a survey always refers to a procedure of data collection from a sample through some types of sampling plans.