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English to Chinese: Free Wheelchair Mission - Transforming lives through the gift of mobility General field: Other Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - English Free Wheelchair Mission - Transforming lives through the gift of mobility
Mission & Values
Our Mission is to provide the transforming gift of mobility to people with disabilities in developing nations as motivated by Jesus Christ.
Our Vision is to be a world-class provider of mobility, transforming the lives of 100,000 people with disabilities annually.
Free Wheelchair Mission’s Values are:
We honor God in all we do.
We pursue excellence in all our work.
We strive for efficiency to optimize resources.
We commit to transparency in our relationships, operations and finances.
We encourage worldwide collaboration.
We innovate to provide transformative mobility solutions
History
Free Wheelchair Mission was established in as a faith-based, non-profit organization with 501(c)(3) status in 2001. Through the vision of the President and Founder, Don Schoendorfer, Free Wheelchair Mission created a sturdy yet inexpensive wheelchair specifically designed for the estimated 100 million disabled poor in developing countries. In most developing countries, the disabled poor must crawl on the ground or wait to be carried by loved ones. They are victims of polio, birth defects, viral infections, accidents, brutal mutilations, land mines, and warfare.
Free Wheelchair Mission provides a basic wheelchair using strong mountain bike wheels, a tough, resin chair, and a single-piece steel frame, called GEN_1. In 2009 we introduced a second design that comes in three different sizes with adjustable features like seat depth, backrest and footrest height called GEN_2. We manufacture the wheelchairs in China and ship them by ocean container directly to developing countries. The wheelchairs are given to the poorest of the poor at no cost.
FWM Operations
Free Wheelchair Mission is truly a worldwide organization. While funding is sought primarily from US supporters, we have been expanding our reach and motivating supporters from all corners of the world. FWM is mainly supported by individuals who have a heart for individuals living with disabilities. We have also had success in building relationships with corporations, grant foundations and civic groups, to gain support. Free Wheelchair Mission utilizes an organizational model that leverages development and support efforts alongside an extremely economical design. A vast network of manufacturing, shipping and distribution partners have all partnered with FWM to help give people wheelchairs. The resulting system stretches donor dollars and maximizes beneficial impact on a global scale.
English to Chinese: Service agreement General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law: Contract(s)
Source text - English Disclaimer of Warranties
The Services are intended for educational, research, self-study, and reference purposes only. The Services are not intended to substitute for the exercise of professional judgment by the user. Medical science and clinical practice is ever-changing. Users, whenever possible, are advised to confirm the information available from the Services through independent sources. The information available through the Services should not be substituted for the advice or judgement of a qualified health care professional. Do not disregard or avoid professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of materials made available through the Services. The Massachusetts Medical Society (“MMS”) makes no warranty that the operation of the Services will be uninterrupted or error-free or as to the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or result obtained from the use of the Services or any content included therein.
[...]
Limitations of Liability
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and notwithstanding any other provision of these terms of use, in no event shall MMS (including any of its partners, affiliates, officers, directors, agents, subsidiaries, joint ventures, members, employees, contractors, successors, or assignees and third-party service providers) be liable to you (including any of your partners, officers, employees, agents, contractors, successors, heirs or assignees) for any indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, punitive, or consequential damages, whether arising in contract, equity, negligence, intended conduct, tort, or otherwise (including breach of warranty, negligence, and strict liability in tort), including, without limitation, any errors or omissions in the content of the services, for your action or inaction in connection with the services, for any damage to your computer or data, any damages associated with the loss of your personal information or any other damage or economic loss you may incur ensuing from or in connection with (a) the services; or (b) your submission of personal or other information through the services, even if MMS or any of its affiliates have been advised of the possibility of such damages. These limitations shall apply notwithstanding the failure of the essential purpose of any limited remedy.
Translation - Chinese 质量保证免责声明
该服务仅限于教育、研究、自学和参考用途。该服务无意代替用户进行专业判断。医学和临床实践不断变化。无论何时，只要有可能，我们都建议用户通过独立渠道确认本服务提供的信息。本服务提供的信息不应用来取代合格的医疗专业人士的建议或判断。不要因为本服务提供的资料，而漠视或回避专业的医疗建议，或延迟寻求这种建议。马萨诸塞州医学协会（“MMS”）不保证该服务的运作不间断或准确无误，也不保证因使用该服务或其中包含的任何内容而得到的准确性、完整性、适用性或结果。
English to Chinese: Immunology General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. During infection it inhibits the activity of Th1 cells, NK cells, and macrophages, all of which are required for optimal pathogen clearance but also contribute to tissue damage. In consequence, IL-10 can both impede pathogen clearance and ameliorate immunopathology. Many different types of cells can produce IL-10, with the major source of IL-10 varying in different tissues or during acute or chronic stages of the same infection. The priming of these various IL-10-producing populations during infections is not well understood and it is not clear whether the cellular source of IL-10 during infection dictates its cellular target and thus its outcome. In this article we review the biology of IL-10, its cellular sources, and its role in viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections.
Translation - Chinese IL-10是一种消炎的细胞活素。感染期间，IL-10抑制Th1细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞的活动，要最好地清除病原体，需要具备所有这些细胞，但同时，它们可以造成组织的损害。因此，IL-10既可以阻碍病原体的清除，也可以改善免疫病理表现。很多不同类型的细胞都可以制造IL-10，在不同的组织中，或在同样感染的急性期或慢性期，IL-10的主要来源有所不同。这些制造IL-10的不同细胞群体在感染期间的激活仍未得到完全了解，同时，尚不清楚在感染期间，IL-10的细胞来源是否决定其细胞标靶，以及因而得到的结果。在本文中，我们回顾了IL-10的生物性、细胞来源以及其在病毒、细菌和原虫性感染中的作用。
English to Chinese: Plato's Epistemology and Metaphysics: The Myth of the Cave General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Philosophy
Source text - English In the Meno, another early dialogue, Plato gives a detailed argument (again through the character of Socrates) for his view that not only is knowledge possible, but you already had it but lost it at birth: knowledge is in fact recollection. He uses a slave to show that even someone completely uneducated has the capacity for understanding and that this capability demonstrates that the soul once knew what it has now forgotten. Otherwise, such a feat would, according to him, be impossible. This theory – that knowledge ultimately comes from within, that it is already in you, waiting to be discovered – will become one of the most recurrent themes in subsequent philosophy.
Translation - Chinese 在另一个早期对话《美诺》（Meno）中，柏拉图提出一个详细的论述（再一次，通过苏格拉底这个人物），阐述他的观点，即认识不单是可能的，而且，你早已拥有认识，但在出生时丧失了这种本质：认识实际上是重新得到。他用奴隶来说明，即使完全未受教育的一个人，也具备理解的能力，同时，这种能力表明，灵魂曾经知道现在忘却的东西。否则，根据他的看法，这样的成就是不可能实现的。这种理论——即认识最终源自内在，它早已在你的内部，等待被发现——将成为随后的哲学中最反复出现的主题之一。
English to Chinese: Corporate quarterly statement General field: Bus/Financial
Source text - English Income from operations (EBIT) before special items declined by €110 million year on year to €1,640 million. This was mainly attributable to significantly lower contributions from the Chemicals and Materials segments and from Other. By contrast, we increased EBIT before special items in all other segments. The Surface Technologies and Nutrition & Care segments saw a considerable improvement in EBIT before special items, and the Agricultural Solutions and Industrial Solutions segments posted slight growth.
Special items in EBIT totaled minus €184 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared with €29 million in the prior-year quarter. These mainly related to integration costs for the businesses acquired from Solvay and to various restructuring measures. In the prior-year quarter, income from divestitures led to positive special items overall.
Translation - Chinese 除去特别项目之外的运营收入（息税前收益）与去年同期相比下跌1.10亿欧元，至16.40亿欧元。主要原因是化工和材料的业务领域以及其他业务领域的贡献大幅缩减。与此相反，在所有其他业务领域上，我们均提高了不含特别项目的息税前收益。在不计算特别项目在内的息税前收益上，表面处理技术以及营养与护理的业务领域出现显著提升，而农业解决方案以及工业解决方案的业务领域则获得小幅增长。
English to Chinese: How to talk to aliens General field: Other Detailed field: Astronomy & Space
Source text - English Imagine dining in a European capital where you do not know the local language. The waiter speaks little English, but by hook or by crook you manage to order something on the menu that you recognise, eat and pay for. Now picture instead that, after a hike goes wrong, you emerge, starving, in an Amazonian village. The people there have no idea what to make of you. You mime chewing sounds, which they mistake for your primitive tongue. When you raise your hands to signify surrender, they think you are launching an attack.
Communicating without a shared context is hard. For example, radioactive sites must be left undisturbed for tens of thousands of years; yet, given that the English of just 1,000 years ago is now unintelligible to most of its modern speakers, agencies have struggled to create warnings to accompany nuclear waste. Committees responsible for doing so have come up with everything from towering concrete spikes, to Edvard Munch’s “The Scream”, to plants genetically modified to turn an alarming blue. None is guaranteed to be future-proof.
Some of the same people who worked on these waste-site messages have also been part of an even bigger challenge: communicating with extraterrestrial life. This is the subject of “Extraterrestrial Languages”, a new book by Daniel Oberhaus, a journalist at Wired.
Nothing is known about how extraterrestrials might take in information. A pair of plaques sent in the early 1970s with Pioneer 10 and 11, two spacecraft, show nude human beings and a rough map to find Earth—rudimentary stuff, but even that assumes aliens can see. Since such craft have no more than an infinitesimal chance of being found, radio broadcasts from Earth, travelling at the speed of light, are more likely to make contact. But just as a terrestrial radio must be tuned to the right frequency, so must the interstellar kind. How would aliens happen upon the correct one? The Pioneer plaque gives a hint in the form of a basic diagram of a hydrogen atom, the magnetic polarity of which flips at regular intervals, with a frequency of 1,420MHz. Since hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the hope is that this sketch might act as a sort of telephone number.
Translation - Chinese 想象一下，在欧洲的一个首都进餐，你不懂当地的语言。服务员几乎不懂英文，不过，你以某种方式成功地点了菜单上你能认出的东西，你用膳并付了钱。现在，想象另一个画面，徒步出了差错，你出现在一个亚马孙的村庄里，肚子很饿。那里的人们不知道怎样理解你。你模仿咀嚼的声音，他们误以为是你的原始语言。你举起双手表示投降，他们以为你要发起攻击。
English to Chinese: BE-3: Making History General field: Science Detailed field: Aerospace / Aviation / Space
Source text - English BE-3: Making History
On 23 November 2015, BE-3PM powered New Shepard’s Propulsion Module (PM) above the Kármán line and reignited for a soft landing on its history-making flight to space and back. That same engine repeated the feat four more times before we retired the propulsion module.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE HYDROGEN ENGINE
Designed For First Stage Applications
At full throttle, BE-3PM generates 490 kN (110,000 lbf) thrust at sea level (over a million horsepower). When returning to Earth, it uniquely throttles down to 90 kN (20,000 lbf) enabling a gentle vertical landing on the pad.
Like the Space Shuttle’s main engines, BE-3PM uses high performing liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. BE-3PM is designed for operational reusability with minimal maintenance between flights. Our approach increases availability while lowering operating costs.
BE-3U Upper Stage Variant
We’re currently testing the newest member of the BE-3 family, BE-3U (Upper stage), optimized to operate in the vacuum of space. With a back-to-back turbine assembly and a larger nozzle, BE-3U generates 710 kN (160,000 lbf) thrust in vacuum.
Two BE-3U engines power New Glenn’s restartable upper stage, enabling the full range of customer missions including direct injection to geostationary orbit. Building on years of operational experience and rigorous testing, BE-3U will be one of the best understood rocket engines when it launches into space.
Translation - Chinese BE-3：开创历史
2015年11月23日，BE-3PM推动新谢泼德（New Shepard）的推动模件（PM）到卡门线之上，并执行二次点火，进行软着陆，完成了到太空再返回的历史性的飞行任务。在我们停止使用这个推动模件之前，相同的发动机再重复执行了四次这样的任务。
English to Chinese: Physical Meaning of Geometrical Propositions General field: Science Detailed field: Physics
Source text - English Geometry sets out from certain conceptions such as “plane,” “point,” and “straight line,” with which we are able to associate more or less definite ideas, and from certain simple propositions (axioms) which, in virtue of these ideas, we are inclined to accept as “true.” Then, on the basis of a logical process, the justification of which we feel ourselves compelled to admit, all remaining propositions are shown to follow from those axioms, i.e. they are proven. A proposition is then correct (“true”) when it has been derived in the recognized manner from the axioms. The question of the “truth” of the individual geometrical propositions is thus reduced to one of the “truth” of the axioms. Now it has long been known that the last question is not only unanswerable by the methods of geometry, but that it is in itself entirely without meaning. We cannot ask whether it is true that only one straight line goes through two points. We can only say that Euclidean geometry deals with things called “straight lines,” to each of which is ascribed the property of being uniquely determined by two points situated on it. The concept “true” does not tally with the assertions of pure geometry, because by the word “true” we are eventually in the habit of designating always the correspondence with a “real” object; geometry, however, is not concerned with the relation of the ideas involved in it to objects of experience, but only with the logical connection of these ideas among themselves.
Translation - Chinese 几何学始于某些概念，比如，“平面”，“点”，和“直线”，我们可以将其跟更确定或较不确定的理论联系起来，同时，几何学也始于某些简单的理论（公理），因为这些理论本身，我们倾向于接受这些理论是“真实的”。然后，依据逻辑解释的过程，我们觉得自己不由自主地赞同这一逻辑过程的合理性，所有余下的理论从那些公理产生，即是说，它们得到了证实。当一个理论通过得到认可的方式从公理衍生出来，这个理论就是对的（“真实的”）。因此，单独的几何学理论的“真实性”的问题，被简化成公理的“真实性”的问题。现在，长久以来，大家都知道最后的那个问题不仅不能通过几何学的方法得到答案，而且，它本身完全没有意义。我们不可以问这个理论是否正确，即只有一条直线能够穿过两个点。我们只能说欧几里得的几何论及称为“直线”的东西，每一条直线都被赋予这样一种性质，即直线上面的两点决定了特定的直线。“真实”的概念跟纯粹的几何的观点并不一致，原因是因为“真实”一词，我们最终习惯性地总是指出跟“实际”物体的关联；然而，几何并不牵涉几何学涉及的理论跟经历中的物体的关联，而只是关乎这些理论相互之间的逻辑关系。
English to Chinese: Blue Origin and Sierra Space developing commercial space station General field: Other Detailed field: Aerospace / Aviation / Space
Source text - English Blue Origin and Sierra Space developing commercial space station
New Orbital Destination Opens Up Space For Business And Travel, Creating New Ecosystem
Blue Origin and Sierra Space today announced plans for Orbital Reef, a commercially developed, owned, and operated space station to be built in low Earth orbit. The station will open the next chapter of human space exploration and development by facilitating the growth of a vibrant ecosystem and business model for the future. Orbital Reef is backed by space industry leaders and teammates including Boeing, Redwire Space, Genesis Engineering Solutions, and Arizona State University.
Designed to open multiple new markets in space, Orbital Reef will provide anyone with the opportunity to establish their own address on orbit. This unique destination will offer research, industrial, international, and commercial customers the cost competitive end-to-end services they need including space transportation and logistics, space habitation, equipment accommodation, and operations including onboard crew. The station will start operating in the second half of this decade.
Orbital Reef will be operated as a “mixed use business park” in space. Shared infrastructure efficiently supports the proprietary needs of diverse tenants and visitors. It features a human-centered space architecture with world-class services and amenities that is inspiring, practical, and safe. As the premier commercial destination in low Earth orbit, Orbital Reef will provide the essential infrastructure needed to scale economic activity and open new markets in space. Reusable space transportation and smart design, accompanied by advanced automation and logistics, will minimize cost and complexity for both traditional space operators and new arrivals, allowing the widest range of users to pursue their goals. The open system architecture allows any customer or nation to link up and scale to support demand. Module berths, vehicle ports, utilities, and amenities all increase as the market grows.
The Orbital Reef business model makes it easy for customers and is strategically designed to support a diverse portfolio of uses. The team has all the services and systems to meet the needs of emergent customers, including researchers, manufacturers, and visitors. Orbital Reef offers standard interfaces at all levels – locker, rack, and module. Seasoned space agencies, high-tech consortia, sovereign nations without space programs, media and travel companies, funded entrepreneurs and sponsored inventors, and future-minded investors all have a place on Orbital Reef.
Translation - Chinese 蓝色起源公司和塞拉太空公司开发商业太空站
新的轨道目的地为商业和旅游开放空间，创造新的生态系统
今天，蓝色起源公司（Blue Origin）和塞拉太空公司（Sierra Space）宣布了轨道礁（Orbital Reef）的计划，轨道礁是一个由商业开发、持有及运作的太空站，建于地球的低轨道。通过促进一个面向未来的蓬勃的生态系统和商业模式的发展，该空间站将为人类的太空探索和开发开启下一篇章。轨道礁太空站受到太空行业的领袖们和队友们的支持，包括波音、Redwire Space、创始工程解决方案（Genesis Engineering Solutions）和亚利桑那州立大学（Arizona State University）。
English to Chinese: Physics Nobel rewards 'spooky science' of entanglement General field: Science Detailed field: Physics
Source text - English Physics Nobel rewards 'spooky science' of entanglement
This year's Nobel Prize in Physics rewards research into quantum mechanics - the science that describes nature at the smallest scales.
The award goes to Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger.
Their work should pave the way to a new generation of powerful computers and telecommunications systems that are impossible to break into.
[...]
Quantum mechanics describes the behaviour of sub-atomic particles. It's a field that was opened up in the early 20th Century. And it's in a particular aspect of this science that Tuesday's laureates made their name.
It concerns something called "entanglement" in which two or more quantum particles - usually photons, the particles of light - can be strongly connected when very far apart even though they are not physically linked.
Their shared state might be their energy or their spin. It's a strange phenomenon that Albert Einstein called "spooky action at a distance".
The theoretical underpinning was developed in the 1960s by Northern Irish physicist John Stewart Bell. But it was Aspect, Clauser and Zeilinger who then conducted the experiments to show the phenomenon was real and could have practical uses.
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